Unit 2, grade 12: Urbanization-Language

1. Vocabulary

1.1. Task 1 Unit 2 Grade 12

Look at the conversation in GETTING STARTED again. Match the words in the conversation with the appropriate definitions. (See the conversation in GETTING STARTED again. Match the words in the conversations with the appropriate definitions.)

Guide to answer

1. b; 2. e; 3. a; 4. d; 5. c

first. urbanisation (n) – A population shift from rural to urban areas. (urbanization: a change in population from rural to urban areas)

2. overload (v) – give too much information, work or responsibility. (overload: giving too much information, work or responsibility)

3. industrialisation (n) – the period of time when a country develops a lot of industries on a wide scale. (industrialization: the period when a country develops many industries on a large scale)

4. agricultural (adj) – relating to the practice or science of farming (agricultural: relating to the practice or science of agriculture)

5. switch off (v) – stop paying attention (off, stop: ignore)

1.2. Task 2 Unit 2 Grade 12

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in 1. (Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in exercise 1)

Guide to answer

first. The impact of inereased urbanisation has been harmful to the environment and has led to the growth of greenhouse gas emissions. (The impact of increased urbanization has harmed the environment and led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions.)

2. Students can easily overload their short-term memory with unnecessary information. (Students can easily overload memory for a short time with unnecessary information.)

3. The lecture was hours long and boring, so by the end of it, I completely switched off. (The lecture was two hours long and boring, so by the time it was over, I was completely out of energy.)

4. Before the Industrial Revolution in England, the majority of the population were employed as agricultural laborers. (Before the industrial revolution in Britain, most of the population was employed as agricultural laborers.)

5. The transformation of China into a modern economy started in 1950s through the process of industrialisation. (China’s transformation into a modern economy began in the 1950s through industrialization.)

1.3. Task 3 Unit 2 Grade 12

Match a word on the left with a word on right to make a compound adjective. (Match a word on the left with a word on the right to make a compound adjective.)

Guide to answer

first. weather-beaten: bad weather

2. well-paid: high salary

3. long-lasting: long lasting

4. year-round: all year round

5. worldwide: worldwide

6. downmarket: low end market

1.4. Task 4 Unit 2 Grade 12

Complete the text below with the compound adjectives given in the box. (Complete the text below with the compound adjectives given in the box.)

Guide to answer

Many young people in rural areas don’t want to spend their lives on the farm like their (1) weather-beaten parents. They understand that there are better (2) long-term job prospects for them in the city. So they leave the home villages to find (3) well-paid jobs in the (4) fast-growing industrial zones. In the city, young people can also have access to (5) up-to-date facilities and technology.

Translation

Many rural teenagers don’t want to spend their lives working in the fields like their seasoned parents. They understand that the long-term job with better prospects for them is in the city. So they left their village to find well-paid work in the industrial zones. In the city, teenagers have access to ever-evolving factories and technologies.

2. Pronunciation

2.1. Task 1 Unit 2 Grade 12

Listen to the conversation and pay attention to the pronunciation of the underlined parts (Listen to the dialogue and pay attention to the pronunciation of the underlined parts.)

Joe: Hi, USAike!

Mike: Hello, Joe! I haven’t seen you for ages. You look goodired!

Joe: I‘ve just come back from the city.

Mike: Did you taschoolWhon?

Joe: Yes, but it took five hours! The journey was really slow and it waso nohsy and crowded.

Mike: Well, kidWhons are still slowmore than cwowches.

Joe: WILLure. They should replace them with new, high-speed supportWhons. Next time I‘ll go by cwowch. And how are you?

Mike: Well, life hasn’t beenamuch for me. I still live and work on my farm with my wife, but my sons and daughters have all moved to the city.

Joe: WILLo youealoliit’s okere in the countryide?

Mike: Yes, I do. I keep hearing abouall the crimes nohse and pollution in big cities, especially in industryal zones. USAy wife is so worried about children that she calls them almoevery dayay

Joe: They‘re young and the city life is interesting for them. They will also have better career prospects.

Mike: Yes, I agree. They have managed to find well-pWhod jobs and are really enjoyEnglishiFe there

Translation

Joe: Hi, Mike!

Mike: Hi, Joe! It’ve been a long time to see you. You look tired!

Joe: I just got back from the city.

Mike: Did you take the train?

Joe: Yes, but it took 5 hours! The cruise is very slow, noisy and very crowded.

Mike: Yes, trains are still slower than buses.

Joe: Sure, they should replace them with new, high-speed ships. Next time I will go by bus. How are you?

Mike: I’m fine, life hasn’t changed much for me. I still live and work on my farm with my wife, but my son and daughter have all moved to the city.

Joe: So you really like being in the countryside?

Mike: Right. I still hear news about crime and noise pollution in big cities, especially industrial areas. My wife is very worried about the kids, so she calls them every day.

Joe: They are young and city life is very interesting to them. They will also have better career prospects.

Mike: Yeah, I think so too. They found well-paying jobs and really enjoyed life there.

2.2. Task 2 Unit 2 Grade 12

Now listen to the conversation in 1 again. Pay attention to the diphthongs in the conversation. Practice it with a partner. (Now listen to the dialogue in part 1 again. Pay attention to the diphthongs in conversation. Practice with a friend.)

3. Grammar

3.1. Task 1 Unit 2 Grade 12

Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. (Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verb in brackets.)

first. It is important that he (get) ______ into a good university.

2. The teacher demanded that the classroom (clean) ______ immediately.

3. My father insists that my brother (work) ______ on the farm.

4. It is vital that people (allow) ______ to choose where to live.

5. I request that everyone in my class (attend) ______ my presentation.

6. It is crucial that urban people (not look down on) ______ rural people.

Guide to answer

first. (should) get

2. (should) be cleaned

3. (should) work

4. (should) be allowed

5. (should) attend

6. (should) not look down on

Translation

first. The important thing is that he should be admitted to a good university.

2. The teacher requested that the classroom should be cleaned up immediately.

3. My father insisted that my brother should work on the farm.

4. It is important that people should be allowed to choose where to live.

5. I ask everyone in my class to participate in my presentation.

6. It is important that urban people do not despise rural people.

3.2. Task 2 Unit 2 Grade 12

Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. Use the appropriate form (Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. Use the appropriate forms)

Guide to answer

first. (should) study

2. (should) be told

3. (should) obey

4. (should) be returned

5. (should) search/ (should) be searching

Translation

first. Her parents insist that she studied hard for the GCSE exam.

2. It is essential that young people in the countryside are told the truth about city life.

3. It is imperative that all migrants follow the rules and regulations of the neighborhood to which they move.

4. The police demanded that the stolen money should be returned to the bank.

5. It’s a good idea when the police look for missing people.

4. Practice Task 1

Choose one option (A, B, C or D) to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. (Choose options A, B, C or D to identify the underlined parts that need to be corrected in the following sentences.)

Question 1: last night, while I studied with my tutor, Jane called and asked I’m out.

A. while

REMOVE. studied

OLD. called

EASY. asked

Question 2: His friends suggested that heh chooses Hanoi University rather than National University.

A. suggested

REMOVE. that

OLD. chooses

EASY. rather than

5. Practice Task 2

Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences (Choose option A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences)

Question 1: ______ is what shaped our cities into what they are today.

A. Electrification

REMOVE. Industrialisation

OLD. Determination

EASY. Urbanization

Question 2: The lack of running water, ______ and unsuitable housing leads to deadly conditions in the slums in many cities in Africa.

A. sanitation

REMOVE. irrigation

OLD. urbanisation

EASY. industrialisation

Question 3: His face was lined and _______.

A. weathered

REMOVE. weatherproof

OLD. weather-beaten

EASY. weather-beating

7. Conclusion

At the end of the new Unit 2 English lesson, Grade 12 – Language, you need to know:

• Review important vocabulary of the lesson: urbanization (n), overload (v), industrialization (n), agricultural (adj), switch off (v)
• Know how to use and understand the meaning of compound adjectives in English
• Identify and pronounce correctly diphthongs
• Use subjunctive sentences in clauses with “that”